Euro Symbol (€) is a special symbol that we use a lot while writing on many applications.
Insert Euro symbol in Word
In the Microsoft Word application, you must press Shift and Ctrl and E keys at the same time on your keyboard.
Insert Euro symbol in Excel
In the Microsoft Excel application, put the cursor on any cell, on the top toolbar click Symbol, a new window will open and you just need to click the Euro symbol, that’s it.
Insert Euro symbol in Powerpoint
In the Microsoft PowerPoint application, put the cursor on the text mode on the top toolbar click Symbol, a new window will open and you just need to click the Euro symbol, this is about the same as inserting Euro symbol on Excel.
When you are working long enough with Windows you will know that using shortcut keys in Windows will save you a lot of time, thus increasing productivity.
There are some common shortcut keys where it will work in all Windows application and specific shortcut keys where only works when you are using particular program/application.
Below is common windows shortcut keys:
Windows+D To go to Desktop from any application without the need to minimize application one by one, I use this a lot, it’s very good.
CTRL+0 Internet Browser (IE, Chrome, Firefox) Will make you back to 100% view, if you found that your webpage text too small or too large the view percentage has changed from 100%.
CTRL+C Copy highlighted text /picture to memory, nothing will happen with the original text.
CTRL+X Copy and delete highlighted text/picture to memory, original text /picture will be deleted. You will use this key combination to move the location of the text.
CTRL+V Will paste the last result of CTRL+C and CTRL+V to the current cursor location.
CTRL+S Save active documents same as click File and Save.
PrtSc Capture desktop to the memory, you will need to CTRL+V in the Paint or other image processing application.
ALT+TAB Capture only active window to memory/clipboard, you will need to CTRL+V in the Paint, photoshop, or other image processing application.
Although Windows 10 is fully GUI operating system, it still keep the best command of the command prompt. It still very useful for many people to do a specific task. Run command prompt under administrator privilege for the best result. Click search button, type command prompt (don’t press enter key yet), right click and choose run as administrator.
Start command prompt in administrator rights
Below is a complete list of command prompt in Windows 10 and some example of usage if any.
List of command prompt commands in Windows 10
ASSOC
Displays or modifies file extension associations.
ATTRIB
Displays or changes file attributes.
BREAK
Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
BCDEDIT
Sets properties in boot database to control boot loading.
CACLS
Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.
CALL
Calls one batch program from another.
CD
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHCP
Displays or sets the active code page number.
CHDIR
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHKDSK
Checks a disk and displays a status report.
CHKNTFS
Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.
CLS
Clears the screen.
CMD
Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
COLOR
Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
COMP
Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
COMPACT
Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.
CONVERT
Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the current drive.
COPY
Copies one or more files to another location.
DATE
Displays or sets the date.
DEL
Deletes one or more files.
DIR
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DISKPART
Displays or configures Disk Partition properties.
DOSKEY
Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.
DRIVERQUERY
Displays current device driver status and properties.
ECHO
Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
ENDLOCAL
Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
ERASE
Deletes one or more files.
EXIT
Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
FC
Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them.
FIND
Searches for a text string in a file or files.
FINDSTR
Searches for strings in files.
FOR
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
FORMAT
Formats a disk for use with Windows.
FSUTIL
Displays or configures the file system properties.
FTYPE
Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
GOTO
Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program.
GPRESULT
Displays Group Policy information for machine or user.
GRAFTABL
Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode.
HELP
Provides Help information for Windows commands.
ICACLS
Display, modify, backup, or restore ACLs for files and directories.
IF
Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
LABEL
Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
MD
Creates a directory.
MKDIR
Creates a directory.
MKLINK
Creates Symbolic Links and Hard Links
MODE
Configures a system device.
MORE
Displays output one screen at a time.
MOVE
Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.
OPENFILES
Displays files opened by remote users for a file share.
PATH
Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
PAUSE
Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
POPD
Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.
PRINT
Prints a text file.
PROMPT
Changes the Windows command prompt.
PUSHD
Saves the current directory then changes it.
RD
Removes a directory.
RECOVER
Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.
REM
Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
REN
Renames a file or files.
RENAME
Renames a file or files.
REPLACE
Replaces files.
RMDIR
Removes a directory.
ROBOCOPY
Advanced utility to copy files and directory trees
SET
Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL
Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.
SC
Displays or configures services (background processes).
SCHTASKS
Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
SHIFT
Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.
Ever wonder how your computer can translate your command or text into their language (Binary)? What your computer does is translated your text into ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) code, then translated it into Binary. For example, when I type Yunar, it will translate first into
Seems not a very long time ago when I remember hard disk with the capacity of 40 megabytes is huge. Now 500 gigabytes hard disk considered as minimum capacity in the market. That is 12,500x from 40 megabytes.
1 bit is 0 or 1 in biner numbers
1 byte is 8 bits, 1 character is 1 byte
1 kilobyte is 1024 bytes
1 megabyte is 1,024 kilobytes or 1,048,576 bytes
1 gigabyte is 1,024 megabytes or 1,048,576 kilobytes or 1,073,741,824 bytes
1 terabyte is 1024 gigabyte or 1,048,576 megabytes or 1,073,741,824 kilobytes or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
When I write this post in 2018 the common hard disk capacity in the market is in 500 gigabytes up to 2 terabytes. While SSD capacity is from 128GB up to 1 terabytes, beyond that the price is unreasonable for most of the people.
1 petabyte is 1024 terabytes or 1,048,576 gigabytes or 1,073,741,824 megabytes or 1,099,511,627,776 kilobytes or 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes.
1 exabyte is 1,024 petabytes or 1,048,576 terabytes or 1,073,741,824 gigabytes or 1,099,511,627,776 megabytes or 1,125,899,906,842,624 kilobytes or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes
1 zettabyte is 1024 exabyte is 1,048,576 petabytes or 1,073,741,824 terabytes or 1,099,511,627,776 gigabytes or 1,125,899,906,842,624 megabytes or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 kilobytes or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes
1 yottabyte is 1,024 zettabyte is 1,048,576 exabyte is 1,073,741,824 petabytes or 1,099,511,627,776 terabytes or 1,125,899,906,842,624 gigabytes or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 megabytes or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 kilobytes or 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes
1 brontobyte 1,024 yottabyte is 1,048,576 zettabyte is 1,073,741,824 exabyte is 1,099,511,627,776 petabytes or 1,125,899,906,842,624 terabytes or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 gigabytes or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 megabytes or 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 kilobytes or 1,237,940,039,285,380,274,899,124,224 bytes
1 gegobyte 1,024 brontobyte 1,048,576 yottabyte is 1,073,741,824 zettabyte is 1,099,511,627,776 exabyte is 1,125,899,906,842,624 petabytes or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 terabytes or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 gigabytes or 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 megabytes or 1,237,940,039,285,380,274,899,124,224 kilobytes or 1,267,650,600,228,229,401,496,703,205,376 bytes
Well gegobyte is a loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong 31 digits numbers 🙂
On Microsoft Word, if you need to write Á or other letters, just press CTRL key, hold and press Apostrophe key, release both keys and then press A key. The same for other letters like IUEO.
If you want to write on your blog just copy from Word to your blog editor, maybe there another keys combination in your blog editor but instead of remembering different keys combination I prefer to copy and paste from Microsoft Word.
To type À or other vocal letter, just press CTRL key, hold and press Tilde key(~), release both keys and then press A key.
The timing is very important I need several times exercise to type the correct accent character but after that is easy to type correctly.
To type  or another vocal letter, just press CTRL+SHIFT keys, hold and press Caret key(^), release all keys and then press A key.
To type Ä or another vocal letter, just press CTRL+SHIFT keys, hold and press Colon key(:), release all keys and then press A key.
To type Å or another vocal letter, just press CTRL+SHIFT keys, hold and press at sign key(@), release all keys and then press A key. Also read: Text to Binary and Binary to Text
Those special accents common use in French, Spanish, and other languages. How to move those accent letters into another application? Just copy and paste from Microsoft Word, that is the easiest way to do.
If you need to change the color of a website you will need to know the HTML code for that color. Below is the list of HTML color code.
If you are using Photoshop you can also know what the code is:
Color code in Photoshop
Main hexadecimal color codes
Below is a list of some of the common color names and codes. With below colors, you can use the color name instead of code. In HTML and CSS, you type “blue” instead of “#0000FF”.
When there is an error with the Computer, it usually gives a startup beeps code that you can diagnose and follow up, sometimes we don’t understand what the beep means.
These beeps also known as beep POST (Power On System Test) error code. Every BIOS manufacturer gives different beeps code and below are several leading BIOS manufacturer like AMI, AWARD, and PHOENIX.
AMI BIOS POST Beeps Code
Beeps
Error Message
Description
1 short
DRAM refresh failure
The programmable interrupt timer or programmable interrupt controller has probably failed
2 short
Memory parity error
A memory parity error has occurred in the first 64K of RAM. The RAM IC is probably bad
3 short
Base 64K memory failure
A memory failure has occurred in the first 64K of RAM. The RAM IC is probably bad
4 short
System timer failure
The system clock/timer IC has failed or there is a memory error in the first bank of memory
5 short
Processor error
The system CPU has failed
6 short
Gate A20 failure
The keyboard controller IC has failed, which is not allowing Gate A20 to switch the processor to protected mode. Replace the keyboard controller
7 short
Virtual mode processor exception error
The CPU has generated an exception error because of a fault in the CPU or motherboard circuitry
8 short
Display memory read/write error
The system video adapter is missing or defective
9 short
ROM checksum error
The contents of the system BIOS ROM does not match the expected checksum value. The BIOS ROM is probably defective and should be replaced
10 short
CMOS shutdown register read/write error
The shutdown for the CMOS has failed
11 short
Cache error
The L2 cache is faulty
1 long, 2 short
Failure in video system
An error was encountered in the video BIOS ROM, or a horizontal retrace failure has been encountered
1 long, 3 short
Memory test failure
A fault has been detected in memory above 64KB
1 long, 8 short
Display test failure
The video adapter is either missing or defective
2 short
POST Failure
One of the hardware testa have failed
1 long
POST has passed all tests
AWARD BIOS POST Beeps Code
Beeps
Error Message
Description
1 long, 2 short
Indicates a video error has occurred and the BIOS cannot initialize the video screen to display any additional information.
1 long, 3 short
Video card not detected (reseat video card) or bad video card
Beeps repeating endlessly
RAM Problem, it could lose contact or broken RAM
Repeated high frequency while PC is running
CPU (Processor) Overheat
Repeated beeps alternating high & low frequency
Issue with the processor (CPU), possibly damaged
PHOENIX BIOS POST Beeps Code
1-1-2 would mean 1 beep, a pause, 1 beep, a pause, and 2 beeps.
Beeps
Error Message
Description
1-1-2
CPU test failure
The CPU is faulty. Replace the CPU
Low 1-1-2
System board select failure
The motherboard is having an undetermined fault. Replace the motherboard
1-1-3
CMOS read/write error
The real time clock/CMOS is faulty. Replace the CMOS if possible
Low 1-1-3
Extended CMOS RAM failure
The extended portion of the CMOS RAM has failed. Replace the CMOS if possible
1-1-4
BIOS ROM checksum error
The BIOS ROM has failed. Replace the BIOS or upgrade if possible
1-2-1
PIT failure
The programmable interrupt timer has failed. Replace if possible
1-2-2
DMA failure
The DMA controller has failed. Replace the IC if possible
1-2-3
DMA read/write failure
The DMA controller has failed. Replace the IC if possible
1-3-1
RAM refresh failure
The RAM refresh controller has failed
1-3-2
64KB RAM failure
The test of the first 64KB RAM has failed to start
1-3-3
First 64KB RAM failure
The first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
1-3-4
First 64KB logic failure
The first RAM control logic has failed
1-4-1
Address line failure
The address line to the first 64KB RAM has failed
1-4-2
Parity RAM failure
The first RAM IC has failed. Replace if possible
1-4-3
EISA fail-safe timer test
Replace the motherboard
1-4-4
EISA NMI port 462 test
Replace the motherboard
2-1-1
64KB RAM failure
Bit 0; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-1-2
64KB RAM failure
Bit 1; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-1-3
64KB RAM failure
Bit 2; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-1-4
64KB RAM failure
Bit 3; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-2-1
64KB RAM failure
Bit 4; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-2-2
64KB RAM failure
Bit 5; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-2-3
64KB RAM failure
Bit 6; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-2-4
64KB RAM failure
Bit 7; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-3-1
64KB RAM failure
Bit 8; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-3-2
64KB RAM failure
Bit 9; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-3-3
64KB RAM failure
Bit 10; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-3-4
64KB RAM failure
Bit 11; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-4-1
64KB RAM failure
Bit 12; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-4-2
64KB RAM failure
Bit 13; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-4-3
64KB RAM failure
Bit 14; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
2-4-4
64KB RAM failure
Bit 15; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
3-1-1
Slave DMA register failure
The DMA controller has failed. Replace the controller if possible
3-1-2
Master DMA register failure
The DMA controller had failed. Replace the controller if possible
3-1-3
Master interrupt mask register failure
The interrupt controller IC has failed
3-1-4
Slave interrupt mask register failure
The interrupt controller IC has failed
3-2-2
Interrupt vector error
The BIOS was unable to load the interrupt vectors into memory. Replace the motherboard
3-2-3
Reserved
3-2-4
Keyboard controller failure
The keyboard controller has failed. Replace the IC if possible
3-3-1
CMOS RAM power bad
Replace the CMOS battery or CMOS RAM if possible
3-3-2
CMOS configuration error
The CMOS configuration has failed. Restore the configuration or replace the battery if possible
3-3-3
Reserved
3-3-4
Video memory failure
There is a problem with the video memory. Replace the video adapter if possible
3-4-1
Video initialization failure
There is a problem with the video adapter. Reseat the adapter or replace the adapter if possible
4-2-1
Timer failure
The system’s timer IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
4-2-2
Shutdown failure
The CMOS has failed. Replace the CMOS IC if possible
4-2-3
Gate A20 failure
The keyboard controller has failed. Replace the IC if possible
4-2-4
Unexpected interrupt in protected mode
This is a CPU problem. Replace the CPU and retest
4-3-1
RAM test failure
System RAM addressing circuitry is faulty. Replace the motherboard
4-3-3
Interval timer channel 2 failure
The system timer IC has failed. Replace the IC if possible
4-3-4
Time of day clock failure
The real time clock/CMOS has failed. Replace the CMOS if possible
4-4-1
Serial port failure
A error has occurred in the serial port circuitry
4-4-2
Parallel port failure
A error has occurred in the parallel port circuitry
4-4-3
Math coprocessor failure
The math coprocessor has failed. If possible, replace the MPU
This article will discuss the space code used in HTML that will not break the code itself. Normally when we use a normal space in HTML it will break the script thus it will not run and generating an error. There are some code for space we can use to avoid this, let’s see how…
Space in HTML – &nbps; is a non-breaking space code usually used in HTML. If you are using space character without code. it will break the code, thus the program cannot read the command correctly.
To create fixed space you also can use code it will also create a non-breaking space that will not break the code by word-wrap. To add the code you must edit in HTML mode, not WYSIWIG mode.
In the internet browser if we ad more than one space it will only left one space. If you want to add more than one space then you have to use %20 code, this is also a non-breaking code.
So if you want 5 spaces you can write %20 %20 %20 %20 %20 the spaces will intact and not break the code.
This is the Special HTML codes including
Char
Numeric code
Named code
Description
	
horizontal tab
line feed
carriage return / enter
 
non-breaking space
How To Edit HTML file
HTML code or the file can be edited using notepad. Right click on the html file you want to edit, choose open with (hover the mouse pointer) it will open another menu, choose notepad.
For a better interface I usually using Notepad++, the editor will make the user easier in editing html code or other code as it is visually better than normal notepad.
It has a different color for the code, and the meta tag and other HTML syntax easier to trace and to spot if we have a mistake in our coding. The best part is Notepad ++ is a free software.
Not only HTML Notepad++ is also works best for editing a PHP or asp file or another code file.
Use of in a HTML file
Another form of space in HTML is %20. When the file name “HTML sample file.html” opened in the internet browser, it will replace the space with &20
Non-breaking Space
Space that will not break the code is called non-breaking space. When there is a space breaking in code then the code will not run correctly as it will become 2 codes instead of 1.
The most common implementation of non-breaking code is in the Internet browser. You will never see an URL using space it will replace by %20
What is HTML:
Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML is a standard markup language for web pages. HTML pages are build from elements of HTML that represented by tags <>
What is PHP:
PHP is a recursive acronym for Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is open-source and a general-purpose of scripting language that can be embedded into HTML.
What PHP can do?
PHP’s main purpose is server-side scripting that can be used to collect form data, send and receive cookies or generate a page with dynamic content and can do more anything you want to.
Sample of PHP script:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hi, this is a PHP script sample!";
?>
</body>
</html>
What is ASP?
ASP is a PHP version from Microsoft. Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side engine script to generate dynamic web pages. Released in Dec 1996, later superseded by ASP.NET in January 2002.
What ASP can do?
ASP can retrieve data on the database by sending a query to the ASP engine, then the server sends the output back to the user, and many more, just like PHP.
ASP script sample
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>ASP can produce plain text:</p>
<%response.write("Hi, sample of ASP script generating plain text!")%>
</body>
</html>
Checkmark is a symbol that some times we use but not available directly on the keyboard. To display a checkmark we need to use alt code. The alt code for the checkmark is ALT+251. The alternative way is to use the character map ( if you are not connected to the internet) or use a website like Emojipedia.org to copy a checkmark to your computer using any application.
Are you looking for √ (Checkmark) alt code?
You have to use a keyboard that has a numeric keypad usually, almost all desktop keyboards had a numeric keypad. Today’s laptop is very rare having a numeric keypad, to overcome this you can use USB external keyboard or an on-screen keyboard.
To insert a checkmark in Excell, Windord, or Powerpoint (Microsoft Office Family). Insert Object and choose Wingdings font. Wingdings is in the default list font of Windows so you will find it without the need to add the font.
You will find a checkmark symbol at the end of symbol list along with other useful symbols like an arrow, windows logo, cross-check and more.
Notepad is the one that I find hard to insert a checkmark. I found a way to produce chekmark in a very easy way.
Using character map
Character map is included in Windows. Click the Start button and type character map and windows will suggest you character map, you just need to click it. I cannot find Checkmark but I found Square root and I use it 🙂
Find and click the Square root, click the Select button and click the Copy button.
On the Notepad, paste and you get the Checkmark (Square root).
Insert Checkmark on any application
This is the easiest way but requires the internet to finish the job. You can insert the Checkmark on almost any application Except on command prompt.
Open https://emojipedia.org/ and search for Checkmark, click on the result, click Copy button, after that you can paste the Checkmark on any application.
I hope you found my article is useful please share using the button below, thank you.